Performance Characterization of a Quad Pentium Pro SMP Using OLTP Workloads1

Commercial applications are an important, yet often overlooked, workload with significantly different characteristics from technical workloads. The potential impact of these differences is that computers optimized for technical workloads may not provide good performance for commercial applications, and these applications may not fully exploit advances in processor design. To evaluate these issues, we use hardware counters to measure architectural features of a four-processor Pentium Pro-based server running a TPC-C-like workload on an Informix database. We examine the effectiveness of out-of-order execution, branch prediction, speculative execution, superscalar issue and retire, caching and multiprocessor scaling. We find that out-of-order execution, superscalar issue and retire, and branch prediction are not as effective for database workloads as they are for technical workloads, such as SPEC. We find that caches are effective at reducing processor traffic to memory; even larger caches would be helpful to satisfy more data requests. Multiprocessor scaling of this workload is good, but even modest memory system utilization degrades application memory latency, limiting database throughput. 1. This research has been supported by DARPA (DABT63-C-0056), the California State Micro program, and by donations and research grants from Informix, Intel, Hitachi, LG Semiconductor, Microsoft, Silicon Graphics/Cray Research, and Sun Microsystems. Kim Keeton is supported by a Lucent Technologies doctoral fellowship.